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Choke- vs. Resistive loads RC loaded stages
Input grid resistor (Rg
in) Anode resistor (Ra) Output capacitor (C out) Output grid resistor (Rg
out) Cathode resistor (Rc) Conclusion: Keep resistor values as low as possible or otherwise chose a tube with a higher mu if you need the amplification. LC loaded stages
As RC loaded above but: A choke forms a different kind of load than a resistor does. The choke has a very low DC resistance value compared to RC loading but it also has an added AC resistance (impedance). This impedance is frequency dependant. A choke has the property of having a lower resistance for lower frequencies and vice versa. This means that a choke will not form the same load for the tube at lower frequencies as it will for higher frequencies. Amplification will thus be lower in the low range. To allow sufficient low frequency response the induction value of the choke will have to be chosen carefully. A higher induction means extended low-range response but due to the many windings and bigger core there will also be a capacity between windings that will result in early roll-off in the high frequency range. This roll-off varies greatly with the materials used and the method of winding the choke. Layered windings are a must due to lower capacity between windings. A higher induction value also means a larger size for the choke. Conclusion: A choke offers a very low voltage drop compared to RC loading due to the low DC resistance which allows for a smaller, less costly power supply and lower energy loss. The value of the choke has to be chosen carefully to get the widest bandwidth. Choke loading is best done with tubes that have a plate impedance (Rp) of less than 8K. Anything above this requires very high induction values which makes producing a good choke very difficult, expensive and large. At 8K you are looking at 250H or more... |